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A Battery Model for Transportation and Stationary Applications

Authors:

Erik Dahlquist, Amare Fentaye, Anas Fattouh

Research group:

Digital and Circular Industrial Services

Publication Type:

Conference/Workshop Paper

Venue:

65th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society

Abstract

Batteries are used in electric vehicles as well as in stationary applications. In electric vehicles, high energy density, such as kilowatt-hour per kilogram (kWh/kg), is needed while stationary applications are less sensitive to the energy density. Principally, it may be a good idea first to use batteries for transportation applications and then when capacity has reached a certain level start using them for other applications in a “second life”. Both for optimizing the performance of operations in 1st and 2nd life and for making fair commercial agreements when selling used batteries for second-life applications, there is a need to make predictions of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and State of Health (SoH). For this purpose, battery models are needed. This paper presents a methodology for building a useful battery model based on our experiments and literature data. Single cells and cells in a series of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) batteries and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries have been cycled. Electrochemical Impedance Spectra (EIS) and differential capacity (dQ/dV) have been measured for each cycle. These data were then used to develop SoH and RUL models using various regression methods. The developed models are described and discussed, and the results are presented in the paper.

Bibtex

@inproceedings{Dahlquist7030,
author = {Erik Dahlquist and Amare Fentaye and Anas Fattouh},
title = {A Battery Model for Transportation and Stationary Applications},
booktitle = {65th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society},
url = {http://www.ipr.mdu.se/publications/7030-}
}