A Simulation-Driven Framework for Outcome-Based Servitization in Quarry Operations

Quarry operations involve interacting material flow stages that affect production, equipment utilization, cost, energy use, and carbon dioxide emissions. Although discrete event and hybrid simulation support operational analysis and optimization, limited guidance exists on how simulation capabilities can be converted into reusable digital services and verifiable outcome-based offerings. This paper uses evidence informed synthesis and conceptual framework development to propose a simulation-driven outcome-based servitization framework for quarry operations. The framework decomposes quarry operations into material flow stages, abstracts simulation capabilities, maps them to digital services, and links these services to verifiable outcome-based offerings. It shows that simulation capabilities can be translated into verified outcomes when they are organized as reusable digital services and supported by baseline replay, scenario analysis, key performance indicator accounting, normalization, uncertainty handling, and contractual verification mechanisms. The paper further identifies industrial validation, standardized normalization procedures, uncertainty quantification, and governance mechanisms as key enablers for practical deployment. An illustrative sustainable material flow application shows how the framework can support transparent comparison of improvement scenarios and verification of outcome claims.